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FRENCH verbs: etre past tense conjugation
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FRENCH verbs: etre past tense conjugation
The past tense = an auxiliary verb (ÊTRE or AVOIR in the present tense) + past participle Examples: The auxiliary verb ETRE conjugated in the present tense The auxiliary verb AVOIR conjugated in the present tense Je suis Tu es ll/elle est Nous sommes Vous êtes Ils/elles sont J’ai Tu as Il/elle a Nous avons Vous avez Ils/elles ont Mostly we use the auxiliary AVOIR. To find out if the sentence contains a DOC, we ask the question QUOI (WHAT) or QUI (WHO) after the verb. The verb + QUOI (WHAT) ? / QUI (WHO) ? Examples : Guillaume a attendu sa mère. → Guillaume waited for his mother. A passive sentence with the past tense consists of the auxiliary ÊTRE in the past tense + past participle. Example: J’ai été Tu as été Il/elle a été Nous avons été Vous avez été Ils/elles ont été A pronominal verb is a verb preceded by the pronoun ‘se’ Examples: How to recognize a pronominal verb? It is conjugated in the following way: 1rst person: je me 2nd person: tu te 3rd person: il/elle se 1rst person: nous nous 2nd person: vous vous 3rd person: ils/elles se Examples: Is the verb in the list DR & MRS VAN DER TRAMP? D → Devenir (to become). Example: Elles sont devenues grandes. → They grew up. M → Monter (to go up/to get on,in). V → Venir (to come). Example: Vous êtes venus chez moi. → You came to my house. D → Descendre (to go down). Example : Tu es descendue au rez-de-chaussée. → You went down to the ground floor. T → Tomber (to fall). Example: Vous êtes tombés sur les pierres. → You have fallen on the stones. 5- If the sentence If the verb SO Choose the right answer: ETRE and AVOIR and conjugate it in the past tense. 1-Hier, j’……………………………………………adoré la chaleur du soleil. 2-La pomme……………………………….………….mangée par ma sœur. 3-Elle s’……………………………..…………………regardée dans le miroir. 4-Nous…………………………….…………………..sortis voir un concert. 5-Vous……………….……demandé à Julien s’il voulait sortir ce soir. 6-Elles………………………….arrivées à Toulouse dans l’après-midi. 7-Je m…………………………………….senti bien pendant l’interview. 8-Le cheval…………………………..………………fatigué par la course. 9-Gabriel s’……………………………….…………………cassé la jambe. 10-Elles………………………………………………..mangé des fruits. 11-Sa mère l’………………………………..emmené au théâtre. 12-Vous……………..……….partis en Asie pendant les vacances. 13-Léa……………………………………….…………appelée par Sandra. 14-Pierre et Marie……………acheté une maison au bord de la mer. 15-Maud………………………..………………..suivi sa mère au cinéma. 16-Ils……………………………….restés chez Mathieu après la soirée. 17-Tu t’…………………………………………………couché sur le canapé. 18-Elle………………………………………….…………….fini par lui dire. 19-Le gâteau………………….………….pris par Thomas et Jérôme. 20-Elle………………....……..retournée à Paris pour les vacances. 1-The auxiliary AVOIR 2-The auxiliary ÊTRE 3-The auxiliary ÊTRE 4-The auxiliary ÊTRE 5-The auxiliary AVOIR 6-The auxiliary ÊTRE 7-The auxiliary ÊTRE 8-The auxiliary ÊTRE 9-The auxiliary ÊTRE 10-The auxiliary AVOIR 11-The auxiliary AVOIR 12-The auxiliary ÊTRE 13-The auxiliary ÊTRE 14-The auxiliary AVOIR 15-The auxiliary AVOIR 16-The auxiliary ÊTRE 17-The auxiliary ÊTRE 18-The auxiliary AVOIR 19-The auxiliary ÊTRE 20-The auxiliary ÊTRE
J’ai (auxiliary verb AVOIR) mangé (past participle) des pommes. → I ate apples.
Je suis (auxiliary verb ETRE) monté (past participle) dans la voiture. → I got in the car.
Nous sommes (auxiliary verb ETRE) partis (past participle) à la plage. → We are after the beach.
Il a (auxiliary verb AVOIR) attendu (past participle) sa sœur pendant 30 minutes. → He waited for his sister for 30 minutes.ÊTRE and AVOIR
The auxiliary verb ÊTRE in the present tense The auxiliary verb AVOIR in the present tense
When do we use the auxiliary ETRE ?AVOIR
1- If there is a DOC (Direct Object Complement)
J’ai mangé une pomme. → I ate an apple.
J’ai mangé QUOI ? – une pomme. → I ate WHAT ? – an apple.
Guillaume a attendu QUI ? – Sa mère. → Guillaume waited for WHO ? – his mother.ETRE
2- If the sentence is PASSIVE (passive form)
J’ai été (auxiliary ÊTRE in the past tense) bouleversé (participle past) par sa mort. → I was shocked by his death.The auxiliary ÊTRE in the past tense 3- If the verb is a PRONOMINAL VERB
Se raser (shave), se laver (wash oneself), se regarder (look at yourself),…Singular Plural
Je me suis lavé ce matin. → I washed this morning.
Tu t(e)’es lavé ce matin. → You washed this morning.
Il/elle s’est lavé ce matin. → He/she washed this morning.
Nous nous sommes lavé ce matin. → We washed this morning.
Vous vous êtes lavé ce matin. → You washed this morning.
Ils/elles se sont lavé ce matin. → They washed this morning.4-The list DR & MRS VAN DER TRAMP
R → Revenir (to come back). Example: Je suis revenu d’Afrique. → I came back from Africa.
Example:
Nous sommes montés au 1er étage. → We went up to the 1st floor.
Tu es monté dans le train. → You got on the train.
Elle est monté dans la voiture. → She got in the car.
R → Rester (to stay). Example: Elles sont restées à la plage. → They stayed at the beach.
S → Sortir (to go out). Example: Nous sommes sortis de la gare. → We went out of the sation.
A → Aller (to go). Example: Elles sont allées au cinéma. → They went to the cinema.
N → Naître (to born). Example: Je suis né à Paris. → I was born in Paris.
E → Entrer (to enter/to go). Example: Il est entré dans la cuisine. → He went into the kitchen.
R → Rentrer (to go home). Example: Nous sommes rentrés à la maison. → We went back home.
R → Retourner (to go back/to return). Example : Ils sont retournés dans la maison de leur enfance. → They went back/returned to their childhood home.
A → Arriver (to arrive). Example: Je suis arrivée à Washington. → I arrived in Washington.
M → Mourir (to die). Example: Il est mort l’année dernière. → He died last year.
P → Partir (to go to). Example: Nous sommes partis dans le sud de la France. → We went to the south of France.AVOIR
We use the auxiliary AVOIRExercises
Yesterday, I loved the heat of the sun.
The apple was eaten by my sister.
She looked at herself in the mirror.
We went out to see a concert.
You asked Julien if he wanted to go out tonight.
They arrived in Toulouse in the afternoon.
I felt good during the interview.
The horse was tired by the race.
Gabriel broke his leg.
They ate fruits.
His mother took him to the theater.
You went to Asia during the holidays.
Lea as called by Sandra.
Pierre and Marie bought a house by the sea.
Maud went with her mother to the cinema.
They stayed at Mathieu’s place after the evening.
You went to bed on the couch.
Sh ended up telling him.
The cake was taken by Thomas and Jerome.
She returned to Paris for the holidays.
Answers
Hier, j’ai adoré la chaleur du soleil.
This sentence has a DOC.
J’ai adoré QUOI ? – La chaleur du soleil.
La pomme a été mangée par ma sœur.
This sentence is in the passive form, so we use the auxiliary ÊTRE.
Elle s’est regardée dans le miroir.
This sentence contains a pronoun verb : Se Regarder.
Nous sommes sortis voir un concert.
his sentence contains a verb that is in the DR & MRS VAN DER TRAMP list : Sortir.
Vous avez demandé à Julien s’il voulait sortir ce soir.
In this sentence:
Elles sont arrivées à Toulouse dans l’après-midi.
This sentence contains a verb that is in the DR & MRS VAN DER TRAMP list : Arriver.
Je me suis senti bien pendant l’interview.
This sentence contains a pronominal verb : Se Sentir.
Le cheval a été fatigué par la course.
This sentence is in the passive form, so we use the auxiliary ÊTRE.
Gabriel s’est cassé la jambe.
This sentence contains a pronominal verb : Se Casser.
Elles ont mangé des fruits.
This sentence has a DOC.
Elles ont mangé QUOI ? – Des fruits.
Sa mère l’a emmené au théâtre.
In this sentence:
Vous êtes partis en Asie pendant les vacances.
This sentence contains a verb that is in the DR & MRS VAN DER TRAMP list : Partir.
Léa a été appelée par Sandra.
This sentence is in the passive form, so we use the auxiliary ÊTRE.
Pierre et Marie ont acheté une maison au bord de la mer.
This sentence has a DOC.
Pierre et Marie ont acheté QUOI ? – une maison au bord de la mer.
Maud a suivi sa mère au cinéma.
This sentence has a DOC.
Maud a suivi QUI ? – sa mère.
Ils sont restés chez Mathieu après la soirée.
This sentence contains a verb that is in the DR & MRS VAN DER TRAMP list : Rester.
Tu t’es couché sur le canapé.
This sentence contains a pronominal verb : Se Coucher.
Elle a fini par lui dire.
In this sentence:
Le gâteau a été pris par Thomas et Jérôme.
This sentence is in the passive form, so we use the auxiliary ÊTRE.
Elle est retournée à Paris pour les vacances.
This sentence contains a verb that is in the DR & MRS VAN DER TRAMP list: Retourner.
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Thomas Ricomard
Thomas Ricomard specializes in teaching French as a foreign language. He has been providing private lessons since 2015, both in-person and online (via Skype). He taught at the Popular University of the Canton of Geneva (Switzerland) from 2015 to 2018, instructing several groups of 20 students from around the world (United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Spain, Brazil, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Mexico, etc.), ranging from beginner to intermediate levels (A1 to B2). With a Master’s degree in clinical and cognitive psychology from the University of Geneva, his knowledge of psychology allows him to tailor his teaching methods for optimal learning, taking into account factors such as visual memory versus auditory memory. He expresses his passion for the French language through writing texts, including poetry and songs, which he presents publicly at numerous music and slam events.
Bravo Thomas, c’est tres bien fait
Chantal B
Merci Chantal 🙂